Risk factors for spinal osteoporosis as compared with femoral osteoporosis in urban Iranian women

We aimed to define and compare the risk factors of spinal and femoral Osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iranian women. It was a multicentre based study carried out in two stages during 2002 to 2005 among post menopausal women in Tehran. In first stage case group included 140 women with diagnosed spinal Osteoporosis using DEXA method as definition of WHO and Controls were 167 women with normal spinal BMD. In second stage, among the same study population case groups were 72 women with total femoral neck osteoporosls. The controls included 191 women with normal femoral BMD/ Odds Ratio was used for estimation the association of risk factors with spinal and femoral Osteoporosis. Plus common well known Osteoporosis risk factors, significant risk factors for each region with their odds ratios included: Steroid use [2.4] and low activity [3.6] for femoral Osteoporosis and parity>3 [2] and lactation duration > 2 yr [1.9] for spinal Osteoporosis. There are some common and different protective and risk factors for spinal and femoral Osteoporosis in this population

Association between anthropometric measures and bone mineral density: population-based study

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern around the world. It has been shown that bone mineral density is correlated to anthropometric measures like height and weight, but this association may vary depending on ethnic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify probable relations between anthropometric measures and bone mineral density. In this population-based study, we compiled the data collected from Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study to assess the possible associations between different anthropometric indices and bone mineral density at femur and lumbar spine. The gathered data was analyzed using t-test and one way ANOVA. Data was available for 4445 subjects, consisting 1900 males [42.7%] and 2545 females [57.3%]. We observed statistically significant correlations between bone mineral density and height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index [BMI]. Based on the result of linear regression modeling studies, BMI could be considered an independent predictor of bone mineral density. Iranian population shows similar measures compared to analogous studies in other populations. Lower weight should be carefully considered as a predisposing factor for bone loss and osteoporosis

Coronary heart disease and associated risk factors in Qazvin: a population-based study

In a cross-sectional study in Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran, 846 residents [425 men and 421 women] aged >/= 25 years were assessed for coronary heart disease and its associated risk factors comparing ischaemic and non-ischaemic groups. The age-adjusted prevalence of possible myocardial infarction, ischaemic ECG changes and angina pectoris were 4.2%, 36.8% and 2.2% respectively. There was no difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index between ischaemic and non-ischaemic groups. There was a significant association between possible myocardial infarction and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and smoking in women. There was also a significant association between ischaemic ECG changes and waist'hip ratio in women and between ischaemic ECG changes and hypertension in men

possible role of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children suffering from chronic otitis media with effusion

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of antireflux therapy with both conventional management and those with no treatment in children with chronic otitis media with effusion [COME]. In this prospective randomized clinical trial ninety children with COME which lasted more than 3 months or more, documented by physical examination and Type B tympanogram in at least one ear without clinical signs and symptoms of active infection that were refractory to 3 period of antibacterial treatment, were randomly allocated to receive a 3 month course in three groups of antireflux treatment [AR group, Cisapride 1 mg/kg/day], conventional antibacterial treatment [AB group, Co-amoxiclave 40 mg/kg/day TID] and those with no treatment [Control group, no medication]. All patients were followed every month. The favorable response was considered as complete resolution of effusion clinically and type A or more than -200 peak in tympanometry. Of the 30 patients assigned to AR group, 10 [33.3%] were judged to be clinically cured and in AB group 12 [40%] were cured while only 3 [10%] in control group were cured. The cure rate in AR and AB groups was significantly higher compared with control group but there was no significant difference between cure rates in AR and AB groups [P=0.59]. No subjects experienced complications during or after the study. There may be a possible role for GER medical management in patients with COME. Further investigations are necessary in order to confirm this hypothesis

study of bone mineral density in diabetic patients

In view of the current high prevalence of diabetes mellitus [DM] and osteoporosis, today there is great interest in studying the possible association between these two disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the association between type-2 DM, and Bone mineral density [BMt]] in Iranian women. BMD was determined in the femoral neck and at the L2-L4 level [DEXA] Of 518 women aged 40-80 years old, referred to bone densitometry unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [146 patients with type 2 diabetes and 372 normal controls]. In diabetics patients, BMD values at the vertebral site were higher than non-diabetic patients but the difference was only significant in postmenopausal subgroup [P= 0.045]. Besides, BMD values at the hip site were higher when com-pared with non-diabetes group, but the difference was not significant. Frequency of osteoporosis risk factors [tea consumption, sunlight exposure, late menarche, low physical activity, smoking habits, family history of osteoporosis and inadequate calcium intake] were not significantly different between diabetic and non-diabetic women, but prevalence of early menopause was higher in diabetic women [P= 0.046]. Prevalence of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal was 7% and 41.6% in diabetic and 15% and 36.8% in non-diabetic women, respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was not significantly different in diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The present results demonstrate that there is not clear association between BMD and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Association between renal stone, bone mineral density and biochemical parameters

To investigate the relationship between renal stone formation and osteoporosis. Eight hundred thirty healthy subjects aged between 20 and 76 years were randomly selected from 50 clusters to take part in the study. Of these, 68 [8.2%] had a previous history of renal stone disease. All participants underwent clinical examination and bone mineral densitometry of the lumbar spine and femur using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique. Plasma levels of vitamin D3, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were also measured. Data showed that patients with a history of renal stones had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis [16.7%] and os-teopenia [53.3%] than the subjects without a history of renal stone disease [11.2% and 35.7%, respectively]. For both men and women the mean age of patients with a history of renal stone disease was significantly lower than patients with no dis-ease history [men: with history 44.27 +/- 14.8, without history 50.28 +/- 12.3; P= 0.02] [women: with history 43.21 +/- 11.8, without history 49.06 +/- 9.6; P= 0.02]. Female patients with a history of renal stone disease also had a significantly lower [8.74%] mean spinal bone density [P= 0.02], but there were no other significant differences in either the biochemical parameters that were measured or in the hip bone density. These data suggest that osteoporosis may be more prevalent in those patients that have had a history of renal stone formation

relationship between ischemic heart disease and coronary risk factors in population aged over 25 in Qazvin: a population-based study

Coronary heart disease [CHD] is the first and the most common cause of death in all age groups and both sexes in Iran. To determine the CHD prevalence among the population of Qazvin. In this cross sectional study, 501 males and 499 females aged 25 or more [mean 47.1 +/- 11.9 yr] were assessed for the presence of CHD. Twelve lead ECG was obtained for each participant over 30 years old. The CHD risk factors were compared between normal and ischemic groups. The Minnesota code was used for ECG coding. Age adjusted prevalence of possible MI, ischemic ECG and angina pectoris were 2.5%, 18.9%, and 1.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between mean values of systolic/diastolic blood pressure among ischemic ECG and possible MI groups when compared with normal group. Also, the comparison of mean values for BMI in ischemic ECG and possible MI groups with normal group shown to be insignificant, statistically. There was a significant association between possible MI and hypertension, type II diabetes, and smoking in females. The data were also indicative of a significant relationship between the ischemic ECG and WHR in females and hypertension in males. Meanwhile, the possible MI was more frequent in smokers than non smokers. Based on results obtained in our study, CHD was directly associated with age and smoking in all sex and age groups and also with hypertension and diabetes in females. So, regarding the high prevalence of asymptomatic CHD, the screening and preventive measures for CHD risk factors seem to be necessary